[ Music] we turn our attention now to what some parties call the granddaddy of them all among sexually transmitted infections and that is syphilis syphilis is a chronic multistage sexually transmissible infection caused by a spirochete known as Treponema pallidum and i think you can see from the attached painting that this microorganism is coiling in shape syphilis has not gone away definitely there are 11 million new cases globally every time the highest incidence in the United Position is among men who have sex with followers especially among good minority communities in the south United Government in Europe the rates are between 4.4 and 10.4 per hundred thousand person with especially increased proportions in Eastern Europe and Russia the epidemiology of syphilis has been seriously influenced by the HIV pandemic there are very high rates of HIV illnes among people who are diagnosed with syphilis syphilis affects a million and a half pregnant women each year and about five percent of those women are going to have some unfortunate outcome from infection in the form of miscarriage stillbirth neonatal fatality a very low value birth value newborn or an newborn stand with incurable syphilis let’s talk something about this creature the organism is known as Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum and it’s a spirochete and note how thin this organism is it’s 0.2 microns in diameter a ordinary bacterium is going to be at least one micron in diameter and usually several microns wide because it’s so reduce you cannot visualize visualize this creature by conventional microscopy it’s so thin it’s transmitted by sex contact and it’s got these flagella inside of the periplasmic space of the creature that diversify from these little row motors they’re really bio motors at each pole that overlap in the middle and it causes the organism to move by wiggling this is an undulating movement and it goes through fluids material and because it’s so thin it proceeds between cadres so as I mentioned it is spread by person-to-person transmission often by intimate contact either genital genital contact or oral genital contact and this creature can immediately infiltrate the mucous layers by little minut disintegrates or abrasions in the skin or the mucosa once it does that it can disseminate through the lymphatics get into the bloodstream and runs everywhere once it gets into the bloodstream these trepan absorbed to the vascular endothelium they cause in a sense of vasculitis and that can happen in their target parts and involve the parenchymal of those organs and these thin spirochetes can imbue through tight conjugations separating endothelial cadres Treponema pallidum has only one outer tissue which assistants protect it from acknowledgment by our immune method nonetheless eventually is going to be phagocytosis by dendritic cells and then these cells will be opened by the Treponema antigens to b-cells and t-cells[ Music]
